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GCSE 2008+

exam body subject specification components 21st Century 14-16 21st Century 16+ Take 5 Mysteries 16+ section Big Questions Q&A vodcasts simulator
AQA Science A (4461)
B (4462)
How Science Works
10.1 The thinking behind the doing
10.2 Fundamental ideas
10.3 Observation as a stimulus to investigation
10.8 Societal aspects of scientific evidence
10.9 Limitations of scientific evidence

Physics 1

13.7 What do we know about the origins of the universe and how it continues to change?


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AQA Additional Science 4463 How Science Works
10.1The thinking behind the doing
10.2 Fundamental ideas
10.3 Observation as a stimulus to investigation
10.8 Societal aspects of scientific evidence
10.9 Limitations of scientific evidence

Physics 2
13.3 What happens to the movement energy when things speed up or slow down?
13.4 What is momentum?

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AQA Physics 4451 How Science Works
10.1 The thinking behind the doing
10.2 Fundamental ideas
10.3 Observation as a stimulus to investigation
10.8 Societal aspects of scientific evidence
10.9 Limitations of scientific evidence

Physics 1
11.5 What are the uses and hazards of the waves that form the electromagnetic spectrum?

11.7 What do we know about the origins of the Universe and how it continues to change?

Physics 2
12.3 What happens to the movement energy when things speed up or slow down?
12.4 What is momentum?

Physics 3
13.2 What keeps bodies moving in a circle?
13.10 What is the life history of stars?

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OCR Twenty First Century Science Science A (J630)

How Science Works

Module P1: The Earth in the Universe

  • What do we know about the Earth and Space?
  • What is known about stars and galaxies?
  • How do scientists develop explanations of the Earth and Space?
Module P2: Radiation and Life
  • What types of electromagnetic radiation are there? What happens when radiation hits an object?
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OCR Twenty First Century Science Additional Science A(J361) How Science Works

Module P4: Explaining Motion
  • What is the connection between forces and motion?
  • How can we describe motion in terms of energy changes?
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OCR Gateway Science J640 How Science Works

Module P2: Living for the Future
P2h The Big Bang
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OCR Gateway Additional Science J641 How Science Works

Module P4: Radiation for life
P4e Treatment
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OCR Physics 1982

How Science Works

Block 4.6 The Earth and Universe
Explain that theories for the origin of the universe must take into account that:

  • light from other galaxies is shifted to the red end of the spectrum
  • the further away galaxies are, the greater the red shift
Recognise that one way of explaining this is that:
  • other galaxies are moving away from us very quickly
  • galaxies furthest from us are moving fastest
Explain how knowledge of the rate of expansion of the universe enables its age to be estimated.Explain that there are possible futures for the universe depending on the amount of mass in the universe and the speed at which the galaxies are moving apart. Interpret given information about developments in ideas on the origin of the Universe.
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edexcel Science 360Science2101 How Science Works

P1b Topic 12: Space and its Mysteries
Do physicists really have no idea what most of the universe is made from?
The formation and evolution of the universe and its stars.
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  Additional Science 360Additional Science2103 How Science Works

P2 Topic 10: Roller Coasters and Relativity
Can spaceships fly across galaxies at warp speed (faster than light)?
How did Einstein come up with the most famous idea in physics - the theory of relativity?

P2 Topic 11: Putting Radiation to Use
Radioactivity has useful applications in everyday life and medicine.
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  Physics 360Physics2109 How Science Works

P3 Topic 5: Particles in Action
Particles range in size from quarks in nucleons to molecules in gases and other forms of matter. An understanding of the behaviour of these particles can help scientists explain phenomena ranging from the sub-nuclear scale to the macroscopic scale. This topic may be used to show that scientific ideas, such as particle models, change over time and that today there are some questions that scientists cannot answer at the moment such as - 'is a quark made from smaller particles?'

Is there anything smaller than protons, neutrons and electrons?
Is anti-matter real, or just science fiction?Why do some scientists spend their lives on an experiment consisting of 27km of empty space?

P3 Topic 6: Medical Physics
This unit enables students to study how applications of physics in medical science can be used for non-invasive investigations of medical conditions, including the use of positron emission tomography (PET). The use of radiation treatments by hospital physicists to destroy some types of malignant growths is also studied.

How can you 'see' things inside the human body?
The bombardment of certain stable elements with proton radiation to make them into radioactive isotopes that usually emit positrons.
What happens when a positron meets with an electron (they annihilate each other with the production of gamma rays).
Examples of the use of positron emission tomography (PET) scanning.
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